The US Treasury determined that Executive Order 13902 applies to Iran's automotive and rail sectors, effective October 1 with no wind-down period. The measures target Iranian manufacturers alongside international suppliers based in the UAE, Hong Kong, and mainland China. Foreign financial institutions facilitating transactions in these sectors now face secondary sanctions exposure.
An investigation by Iran International based on leaked documents reveals that US-sanctioned Bank Parsian used its foreign-exchange arm, Parsian Exchange, to move funds abroad via intermediaries between November 2022 and May 2023. Leaked instruction letters directed roughly $36 million in UAE dirhams, Chinese yuan, and US dollars to overseas bank accounts designated by Iranian importers. The transactions utilized Iranian export proceeds held overseas to obscure ties to sanctioned Iranian institutions.
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